Water and Waste Water Treatment

Share
by ge

Sewage Treatment Plant

Sewage Treatment Plant is the process of removing pollutants from wastewater and household sewage, both effluents and domestic. It includes Physical, Chemical & Biological treatment to remove contaminants.

  • Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBR)
  • Activated Sludge Process (ASP)
  • Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)
  • Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
  • Electrooxidation (EO)
  • Fluidized Aerobic Bed Reactor (FAB)
  • Submerged Aerobic Fixed Film Reactor (SAFFR)

Prefabricated and Containerized STP plant is also available.

 

An STP (Sewage Treatment Plant) is designed to treat domestic sewage and wastewater before it is discharged into the environment or reused. The main goal of an STP is to remove contaminants and pathogens from sewage to protect public health and the environment.

Key Components of an STP:

  1. Preliminary Treatment:

    • Screening: Removes large objects like sticks, leaves, and plastic.
    • Grit Removal: Settles out sand and gravel to prevent damage to equipment.
  2. Primary Treatment:
    • Sedimentation: Allows solids to settle at the bottom, forming sludge, while the liquid above is partially clarified.
  3. Secondary Treatment:
    • Biological Treatment: Uses microorganisms to break down organic matter. Common methods include:
      • Activated Sludge Process: Air is bubbled through the sewage to promote the growth of bacteria that digest organic waste.
      • Trickling Filters: Sewage is passed over media that support microbial growth.

  4. Tertiary Treatment:

    • Advanced methods for further purification, such as filtration, disinfection (e.g., chlorination or UV treatment), and nutrient removal.
  5. Sludge Treatment:
    • Processes to handle the sludge produced, such as anaerobic digestion, thickening, and dewatering.

Importance of STPs:

  • Environmental Protection: Reduces pollution and protects water bodies.
  • Public Health: Prevents the spread of waterborne diseases.
  • Water Reuse: Treated effluent can be reused for irrigation, industrial processes, or even as potable water in advanced systems.

Effluent Treatment Plant

ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) is a process design for treating the industrial waste water for its reuse or safe disposal to the environment.

ETP plant involves wastewater treatment process for treating contaminants in the form of organic matter, inorganic matter, heavy metals, oil & grease, suspended solids etc. The treatment methodology can be either batch process or continuous flow process.

We offer Effluent Treatment Plant in different set ups like Civil, Prefabricated and Containerized etc.

Our Effluent Treatment Plants are designed to achieve superior Treated Wastewater Standards.

An ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) is designed to treat industrial wastewater before it’s released into the environment or reused. These plants typically utilize various treatment processes, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, to remove contaminants.

Key components of an ETP include:

  1. Pre-treatment: Screening and sedimentation to remove large solids and grit.
  2. Primary Treatment: Physical processes like flotation or sedimentation to separate solids from liquids.
  3. Secondary Treatment: Biological processes (e.g., activated sludge) to degrade organic matter.
  4. Tertiary Treatment: Advanced methods (e.g., filtration, disinfection) to further purify the water.

ETPs help industries comply with environmental regulations and reduce pollution. If you have specific questions or need details on a particular aspect, feel free to ask

We offer Effluent Treatment Plant in different set ups like Prefabricated and Containerized etc.

Our Effluent Treatment Plants are designed to achieve superior Treated Wastewater Standards.

Zero Liquid Discharge System

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is a process to remove all the liquid waste from

a system. It eliminates waste and maximizes water usage efficiency.

In recent years, greater recognition of the dual challenges of water scarcity and pollution of aquatic environments has revived global interest in ZLD. More stringent regulations, rising expenses for wastewater disposal, and increasing value of freshwater are driving ZLD to become a beneficial or even a necessary option for wastewater management.

An MVRE (Mechanical Vapor Recompression Evaporator) ZLD (Zero Liquid Discharge) plant is a specialized facility designed to treat wastewater and recover valuable resources while ensuring that no liquid waste is discharged into the environment. Here’s a breakdown of its key components and processes:

Key Components:

  1. MVRE System: The core of the plant, this system efficiently evaporates water from the wastewater by using mechanical vapor recompression. The process recycles vapor to minimize energy consumption.
  2. Pre-treatment Unit: This stage may involve processes like filtration, sedimentation, or chemical treatment to remove solids and other contaminants before entering the MVRE system.
  3. Concentrator: After the MVRE, the concentrated brine is further treated to separate salts and other solids.
  4. Crystallizer: In some plants, a crystallization unit may be used to convert the concentrated solution into solid salts, which can be further processed or disposed of.
  5. Condensate Recovery: The water vapor condensed during the process is collected and can be reused, contributing to the ZLD goal.

Benefits of an MVRE ZLD Plant:

  • Environmental Protection: Achieves zero discharge of liquid waste, reducing environmental pollution.
  • Resource Recovery: Allows for the recovery of water for reuse and valuable materials (like salts) from the concentrated waste.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Helps industries meet stringent environmental regulations concerning waste disposal.

Applications:

  • Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Commonly used in industries like textiles, pharmaceuticals, and food processing.
  • Desalination: Can be integrated into desalination processes to enhance efficiency and resource recovery.
  • Oil and Gas: Used for treating produced water and other wastewater streams.

Considerations:

  • Initial Costs: The capital investment can be significant, although operational costs may be lower in the long run due to resource recovery.
  • Maintenance: Regular maintenance is crucial for optimal performance and to prevent fouling in the system.

An electrical evaporator is a device used to remove moisture from a substance, typically in the context of industrial processes or refrigeration. It works by heating a liquid to its boiling point, causing it to vaporize, which then allows for the separation of the liquid from the solids or other components.

Key Components:

  1. Heating Element: Provides the necessary heat to vaporize the liquid.
  2. Evaporator Chamber: Where the liquid is heated and vaporized.
  3. Condenser: Cools and condenses the vapor back into a liquid for collection.
  4. Pump: Circulates the liquid and sometimes helps in moving the vapor to the condenser.

Applications:

  • Food Industry: Concentrating juices, evaporating solvents, and drying products.
  • Chemical Industry: Concentrating solutions, recycling solvents, and processing materials.
  • HVAC Systems: Used in cooling systems to remove humidity.

Advantages:

  • Energy Efficiency: Can be designed to recover heat, making them more energy-efficient.
  • Control: Allows for precise control over temperature and pressure.
  • Versatility: Can handle a variety of liquids and applications.

Considerations:

  • Maintenance: Requires regular cleaning to prevent scaling and fouling.
  • Safety: Must be designed to handle the pressures and temperatures involved safely.

 

water-management-evaporator

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces like pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate.

A UF (Ultrafiltration) plant is a water treatment facility that uses ultrafiltration technology to separate particles, microorganisms, and macromolecules from water. It employs semi-permeable membranes to achieve high levels of filtration without the need for high pressure, unlike reverse osmosis.

Key Components of a UF Plant:

  1. Pre-treatment:
    • Coagulation and Flocculation: Chemicals are added to aggregate smaller particles into larger ones, making them easier to filter.
    • Sedimentation: Allows larger particles to settle out of the water before it reaches the UF membranes.
  2. Ultrafiltration System:
    • Membranes: Typically made from polymeric materials, these membranes have pore sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. They allow water and small dissolved substances to pass through while rejecting larger particles, bacteria, and viruses.
    • Pumps: Used to draw water through the membranes at a relatively low pressure.
  3. Post-treatment:
    • Disinfection: Often includes methods like chlorination or UV treatment to ensure that any remaining pathogens are killed.
    • pH Adjustment: May be necessary to ensure the water meets specific quality standards.
  4. Waste Management:
    • Backwashing: Periodic cleaning of the membranes is required to remove accumulated solids and maintain performance.

Applications of UF Plants:

  • Drinking Water Treatment: Effective in producing high-quality potable water.
  • Industrial Water Treatment: Used in industries like food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and electronics for water purification.
  • Wastewater Treatment: Helps in treating and reclaiming water from various industrial processes.

Benefits of Ultrafiltration:

  • Effective Microbial Removal: Highly efficient at removing bacteria, viruses, and suspended solids.
  • Low Energy Consumption: Operates at lower pressures compared to reverse osmosis, leading to reduced energy costs.
  • Minimal Chemical Use: Often requires fewer chemicals for treatment compared to other methods.

 

 

Reverse Osmosis Plant

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a widely accepted treatment for water purification. It mainly removes TDS from the wastewater. High pressure water is passed through membranes, producing high quality water suitable for reuse and recycle.

An RO (Reverse Osmosis) plant is a water treatment facility that uses reverse osmosis technology to purify water by removing impurities and contaminants. This process is commonly used for desalination, wastewater treatment, and producing high-quality drinking water.

Key Components of an RO Plant:

  1. Pre-treatment:
    • Filtration: Removes larger particles and sediments to protect the RO membranes.
    • Chemical Treatment: Involves adding coagulants and antiscalants to prevent fouling and scaling on the membranes.
  2. Reverse Osmosis System:
    • Membranes: Semi-permeable membranes allow water to pass through while blocking dissolved salts, organic matter, and other contaminants.
    • High-Pressure Pumps: These pumps increase the pressure of the feed water to force it through the membranes.
  3. Post-treatment:
    • pH Adjustment: Ensures the treated water has the appropriate pH for distribution.
    • Disinfection: Often involves chlorination or UV treatment to eliminate any remaining pathogens.
  4. Waste Management:
    • Concentrate Disposal: The brine or concentrate generated during the RO process, which contains the rejected impurities, must be properly managed.

Applications of RO Plants:

  • Desalination: Converting seawater to freshwater, especially in arid regions.
  • Water Purification: Producing high-quality drinking water from groundwater or surface water.
  • Industrial Uses: Supplying purified water for processes in industries like pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and electronics.

Benefits of RO Technology:

  • Effective Removal: Highly effective at removing salts, heavy metals, and other contaminants.
  • Low Chemical Use: Generally requires fewer chemicals compared to other water treatment methods.
  • Compact Design: Can be designed to fit into smaller spaces, making it versatile for various applications.

   

   

 

 

 

Water Softening Plant

Water softening is the removal of Calcium, Magnesium and certain other metal cations in hard water.

Water softening is usually achieved using Lime Softening or Ion-Exchange Resins.

 

Demineralization Plant

A DM Water System produces mineral free Water by operating on the principles of ion exchange.

ETP, STP & WTP Trouble Shooting, Operation & Maintenance 

EPL offers Annual Maintenance Contract with team of expertise at site and also at back office to ensure smooth operation of water and wastewater treatment plants.